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Compare Marshall Islands (2004) - Portugal (2001)

Compare Marshall Islands (2004) z Portugal (2001)

 Marshall Islands (2004)Portugal (2001)
 Marshall IslandsPortugal
Administrative divisions 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.6% (male 11,347; female 10,934)


15-64 years: 58.7% (male 17,380; female 16,520)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 748; female 809) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
16.96% (male 877,379; female 830,242)

15-64 years:
67.42% (male 3,321,473; female 3,465,481)

65 years and over:
15.62% (male 637,207; female 934,471) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products
Airports 15 (2003 est.) 66 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
40

over 3,047 m:
5

2,438 to 3,047 m:
9

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
26

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
25 (2000 est.)
Area total: 181.3 sq km


land: 181.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik
total:
92,391 sq km

land:
91,951 sq km

water:
440 sq km

note:
includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Area - comparative about the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Indiana
Background After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands hosts the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Reagan Missile Test Site, a key installation in the US missile defense network. Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC in 1985.
Birth rate 33.88 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 11.51 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $42 million


expenditures: $40 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999)
revenues:
$48.6 billion

expenditures:
$50.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.7 billion (2000 est.)
Capital Majuro Lisbon
Climate tropical; hot and humid; wet season from May to November; islands border typhoon belt maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Coastline 370.4 km 1,793 km
Constitution 1 May 1979 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997
Country name conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands


conventional short form: Marshall Islands


former: Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
conventional long form:
Portuguese Republic

conventional short form:
Portugal

local long form:
Republica Portuguesa

local short form:
Portugal
Currency US dollar (USD) Portuguese escudo (PTE); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Portugal at a fixed rate of 200.482 Portuguese escudos per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Death rate 4.94 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.) $13.1 billion (1997 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Greta N. MORRIS


embassy: Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro


mailing address: P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379


telephone: [692] 247-4011


FAX: [692] 247-4012
chief of mission:
Ambassador Gerald S. MCGOWAN

embassy:
Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon

mailing address:
PSC 83, APO AE 09726

telephone:
[351] (21) 727-3300

FAX:
[351] (21) 726-9109

consulate(s):
Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Banny DE BRUM


chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-5414


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3236


consulate(s) general: Honolulu
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joao Alberto Bacelar ROCHA PARIS

chancery:
2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 328-8610

FAX:
[1] (202) 462-3726

consulate(s) general:
Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco

consulate(s):
Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
Disputes - international claims US territory of Wake Island -
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $271 million (1995)
Economic aid - recipient more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002 -
Economy - overview US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production is primarily subsistence and is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US has provided more than $1 billion in aid since 1986. Negotiations have continued for an extended agreement. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade. Portugal is an upcoming capitalist economy with a per capita GDP two-thirds that of the four big West European economies. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and joined with 10 other European countries in launching the euro on 1 January 1999. The year 2000 was marked by moderation in growth, inflation, and unemployment. The country continues to run a sizable trade deficit. The government is working to reform the tax system, to modernize capital plant, and to increase the country's competitiveness in the increasingly integrated world markets. Growth is expected to fall off slightly in 2001. Improvement in the education sector is critical to the long-run catch-up process.
Electricity - consumption - 37.915 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 4.49 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 3.628 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 41.696 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
79.97%

hydro:
17.25%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2.78% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Micronesian homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000
Exchange rates the US dollar is the legal tender euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Portuguese escudos per US dollar - 180.10 (1998), 175.31 (1997), 154.24 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 5 January 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held NA November 2007)


election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
chief of state:
President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)

head of government:
Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera GUTERRES (since 28 October 1995)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

note:
there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president

election results:
Jorge SAMPAIO re-elected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
Exports $9 million f.o.b. (2000) $26.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
Exports - partners US, Japan, Australia, China (2000) EU 83% (Germany 20%, Spain 18%, France 14%, UK 12%, Netherlands 5%, Benelux 5%, Italy), US 5% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September calendar year
Flag description blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
GDP purchasing power parity - $115 million (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $159 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 14%


industry: 16%


services: 70% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
4%

industry:
36%

services:
60% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $15,800 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1% (2001 est.) 2.7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 9 00 N, 168 00 E 39 30 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
Highways total: NA km


paved: 64.5 km


unpaved: NA km


note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)
total:
68,732 km

paved:
59,110 km (including 797 km of expressways)

unpaved:
9,622 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
3.1%

highest 10%:
28.4% (1995 est.)
Illicit drugs - important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Imports $54 million f.o.b. (2000) $41 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products
Imports - partners US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2000) EU 78% (Spain 25%, Germany 15%, France 11%, Italy 8%, UK 7%, Netherlands 5%), US 3%, Japan 3% (1998)
Independence 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship) 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
Industrial production growth rate NA 2.9% (1999 est.)
Industries copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: 30.5 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 34.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 26.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
5.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2001 est.) 2.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 16 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 6,300 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; High Court Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Labor force 28,700 (1996 est.) 5 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 21.4%, industry 20.9%, services 57.7% services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,214 km

border countries:
Spain 1,214 km
Land use arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 38.89%


other: 44.44% (2001)
arable land:
26%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
36%

other:
20% (1993 est.)
Languages English (widely spoken as a second language, both English and Marshallese are official languages), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese Portuguese
Legal system based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held not later than November 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA


note: the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 10 October 1999 (next to be held by NA October 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 115, PSD 81, PCP 15, PP 15, PEV 2, The Left Bloc 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.7 years


male: 67.77 years


female: 71.73 years (2004 est.)
total population:
75.94 years

male:
72.44 years

female:
79.68 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.7%


male: 93.6%


female: 93.7% (1999)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
87.4%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 420 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 16,954,092 GRT/28,176,762 DWT


by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 81, cargo 25, chemical tanker 41, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 7, container 77, liquefied gas 9, multi-functional large load carrier 5, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 149, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 7, vehicle carrier 4


foreign-owned: Australia 2, Chile 3, Croatia 2, Cyprus 10, Denmark 2, Germany 119, Greece 82, Hong Kong 12, India 2, Japan 16, Monaco 18, Netherlands 6, New Zealand 1, Norway 5, Poland 11, Singapore 1, Slovenia 1, Switzerland 4, Thailand 2, Turkey 8, United Kingdom 10, United States 92


registered in other countries: 50 (2004 est.)
total:
158 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,053,586 GRT/1,611,238 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 14, cargo 84, chemical tanker 16, container 10, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea passenger 4, vehicle carrier 4

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Spain 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US -
Military branches no regular military forces; Marshall Islands Police Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA $2.458 billion (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 2.6% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,530,466 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
2,030,759 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
71,404 (2001 est.)
National holiday Constitution Day, 1 May (1979) Portugal Day, 10 June (1580)
Nationality noun: Marshallese (singular and plural)


adjective: Marshallese
noun:
Portuguese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Portuguese
Natural hazards infrequent typhoons Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Natural resources coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydro power
Net migration rate -6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km; natural gas 700 km

note:
the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be 300 km long have not yet been built
Political parties and leaders traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING] The Greens or PEV [leader NA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/United Democratic Coalition or PCP/CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Antonio GUTERRES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [leader vacant]; The Left Bloc [no leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 57,738 (July 2004 est.) 10,066,253 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate 2.29% (2004 est.) 0.18% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Majuro Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0


note: additionally, the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Services (Central Pacific Network) operate one FM and one AM station on Kwajalein (2002)
AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 3.02 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,850 km

broad gauge:
2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified; 426 km double track)

narrow gauge:
274 km 1.000-m gauge (1998)
Religions Christian (mostly Protestant) Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits


domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)


international: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)
general assessment:
undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%

domestic:
integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations

international:
6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Telephones - main lines in use 4,500 (2003) 5.3 million (end 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 600 (2002) 3,074,194 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 2 (both are US military stations) (2002) 62 (plus 166 repeaters)

note:
includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
Terrain low coral limestone and sand islands mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Total fertility rate 4.02 children born/woman (2004 est.) 1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 30.9% (1999 est.) 4.3% (2000 est.)
Waterways - 820 km

note:
relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
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